Do you instantly refuse or reject high-carb foods? Carbohydrates have a bad reputation and frequently take the blame for weight gain. Some influencers are embracing a zero-carb or carnivore diet and eschewing carbs altogether.
Are carbs really that bad for you? It’s true that carbs have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, obesity, and inflammation. A diet high in ultra-processed, high-calorie carbohydrates — like candy, chips, and soda can contribute to weight gain and obesity.
But these aren’t the only types of carbs. Many of the healthiest foods (legumes, oats) are higher in carbohydrates. Let’s take a closer look.
What Are Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients found in food. Other macronutrients include fat and protein. All three macronutrients play an important role in your body’s functioning. The healthiest diets include all three.
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion. They then become the main energy source for the body.
There are two types of carbs: simple and complex. Simple carbs are broken down more quickly.
Complex carbs take longer for the body to process.
Simple Vs. Complex Carbs
Simple carbs are very easy to digest. They provide your body with a short burst of energy. Examples include:
- Table sugar
- Honey
- Brown sugar
- Agave
- High fructose corn syrup
- Sucrose
You can find added simple carbohydrates like high fructose corn syrup added to things like breakfast cereals and sweetened yogurt. Simple carbohydrates like sucrose and fructose are naturally found in bananas and other fruits. Eating simple carbs can cause spikes in blood sugar. This can make you feel hungry much quicker and can lead to overeating and ultimately weight gain.
Many people think of simple carbohydrates as being “bad” for you. But, this isn’t necessarily true. Unprocessed simple carbohydrates like fruit contain important nutrients and fiber, which the body needs. As long as you are eating appropriate serving sizes and stick to unprocessed foods, simple carbohydrates are part of a healthy and nutritious diet.
Complex carbohydrates include starches and fiber. These carbohydrates are considered among the healthiest to eat. They take longer for the body to digest, and cause blood sugar to rise more slowly and steadily. They provide you with sustained energy and prevent unwanted blood sugar spikes. Foods that are rich in complex carbohydrates include brown rice, whole grains, barley, oats, potatoes, beans, and vegetables.
How Many Carbohydrates Do You Need?
Carbohydrates should make up the majority of your macronutrient needs. Carbohydrates should make up between 45 to 65 percent of your daily calories, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Generally, if you eat 2,000 calories a day, you need about 225 to 325 grams.
The amount of carbs you need may vary depending on your age, sex, and physical activity level. If you are an athlete or engage in intense training, then 55 to 65 percent of your calories should come from carbohydrates. You can track carbs by looking at nutrition labels on the back of foods.
What Is the Link Between Carbs and Weight Gain?
While it’s true that low-carb diets have been shown to be effective for weight loss, that doesn’t mean that diets higher in carbs necessarily lead to weight gain. Low-carb diets work well because they largely eliminate refined carbs, which we will get into later.
How Carbs Benefit Your Health
In spite of their reputation, carbohydrates play a vital role in our overall health. Here’s why you need carbs.
Helps Control Your Weight
Many people are surprised to find that carbohydrates can actually bolster weight loss efforts. That’s because many healthy high-carb foods are high in fiber. Examples include oatmeal and beans. The fiber helps you stay full for longer.
A 2018 study, published in the journal Nutrients, found that a high-carb, low-fat plant-based diet resulted in a reduction in body mass index (BMI) in overweight participants.
Another study found that participants who ate a high-carbohydrate diet (80% calories from carbs) that was also high in fiber lost weight and also had a drop in blood sugar and blood pressure.
Provides Energy
Carbohydrates are an essential source of energy. In fact, they are the body’s main and preferred energy source. Each gram of carbs provides four calories of energy. This energy is used for everything from simply breathing to playing a game of pickleball.
Guards Against Disease
Fiber is an important carbohydrate that plays a vital role in preventing negative health outcomes. Dietary fiber can significantly reduce the risk of stroke, heart disease, high cholesterol, and heart attack. Fiber also decreases the risk of diabetes, reduces inflammation, and helps you stay full.
Support Cognitive Functioning
The brain relies on carbohydrates to provide its fuel. The energy that you get from carbs is used by the brain for cognitive functioning. It helps with things like focus and concentration. That’s why if you don’t eat enough carbs, you might experience things like brain fog and have trouble concentrating.
May Help You Live Longer
The Okinawa diet, which refers to the diet people living on the Japanese island of Okinawa is very high in carbohydrates. This diet emphasizes complex carbohydrates like vegetables, potatoes and legumes. People from Okinawa have the longest lifespans in the world. It’s thought that their diet contributes to a reduced risk of chronic disease and lengthy lifespan.
Supports Gut Health and Digestion
Carbohydrates that are rich in fiber support a healthy digestive system and promote gut health. Carbs also play a vital role in our overall gut microbiome, according to 2020 research published in the journal Microorganisms.
If you’re not eating enough carbs, you might notice constipation and unwelcome changes in your gut health. That’s because fiber helps soften your stools and incrases the bulk to make it pass through your system easier.
Fuels Athletic Performance
Carbs are the main source of energy for intense workouts. They are stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen, which is then used as energy. If you do strenuous workouts, like CrossFit or high-intensity interval training (HIIT), it’s especially imperative that you get enough carbohydrates. One study, published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, found that consuming proper amounts of carbs is one of the best ways to improve athletic performance for both athletes and active individuals.
Ingesting healthy high-carb foods pre-workout could help your endurance during training sessions. Look for simple carbs that are easy to digest, such as bananas or fruit smoothies.
The Best High-Carbohydrate Foods
Many people think that all carbs are created equal. But, that definitely isn’t true. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods are the best sources of carbohydrates. Stick to these nutrient-dense types of foods:
Whole grains – Whole grain pasta, oats, and brown rice.
Legumes – Chickpeas, beans, and lentils
Vegetables and fruits – Carrots, potatoes, beets, apples, and bananas
These foods are healthy and often contain a variety of other minerals and vitamins, as well. Examples include:
- Lentils – Besides being high in carbohydrates (20.1 grams per 100-gram serving), lentils are also high in protein. They are also high in fiber, calcium, phosphorus, folate, and potassium.
- Brown rice – Brown rice has 23.5 grams of carbohydrates per 100 grams. Brown rice is also rich in fiber, folate, calcium, riboflavin, manganese, and other antioxidants.
- Oats – Oats contain a whopping 66.3 grams of carbs per 100 grams. They are also high in fiber. Oats contain antioxidants that have been found to promote heart health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Sweet potatoes – Sweet potatoes are a delicious root vegetable. One 100-gram (g) baked sweet potato with the skin has 20.7 g of carbohydrates. It is also a good source of vitamins A, C and potassium.
- Bananas – One medium-sized (100-gram) banana has 22.8 grams of carbs. Bananas are a good source of vitamins C, A, and potassium.
Try to incorporate some of these higher carbohydrate healthy foods into every meal.
What Carbs Should You be mindful of?
Some carb sources are healthier than others. Processed foods are probably the worst foods to get carbohydrates from. These foods tend to be high in sugar and lack important nutrients. They can wreak havoc on our bodies. Even ones that seem healthy like granola bars, can have tons of added sugars and be unhealthy. Here are some refined or ultra-processed foods to be mindful of:
- White pasta
- White rice
- Sweetened breakfast cereals
- Muffins and cookies
- Pastries and cakes
- Donuts
- Fruit snacks
- Potato chips
- French fries
- Sugar-sweetened drinks
- Ice cream
Don’t Ban Carbs From Your Life
It’s a myth that carbs are not healthy. Your body needs carbohydrates to function the way it should. While low-carb diets can be helpful for some people, there’s no reason to altogether avoid foods that are high in carbohydrates. Carbs make up part of a healthy diet.
Carbohydrates that come from unprocessed whole foods provide your body with important antioxidants, fiber, and a range of minerals and vitamins. In addition, they offer many health benefits. It’s easy to get plenty of healthy carbs when you have made-to-order fresh balanced meals delivered right to your door.