In the nutrition world, there’s a lot of disagreement when it comes to fats. Some experts claim that they destroy your waistline and ruin your health, while others say that fats are beneficial. So, what’s the truth?
The truth is that fats are essential. You need to include some fats in your diet to stay healthy. For example, fats are necessary for helping your body efficiently absorb essential vitamins, lower your risk of heart disease and improve cognitive functioning. However, there are certain types of fat that you want to limit in your diet.
Here we’ll break down the differences between the various types of fats, and which ones you should include in your day if you are striving for a healthy diet.
What Are Fats?
Fats are nutrients found in food sources that your body can use as fuel. Fats also play a role in building nerve tissue, hormones and cell membranes. They are a source of energy for your body, and if you do not burn the same amount of fat you consume, your body stores them as fat cells. Eating too much fat contributes to weight gain since it is more dense in calories than protein and carbohydrates. Although fats generally get a bad rap (especially if you overeat them), if you don’t get enough of certain types of fat, it can negatively affect your health too.
Types of Dietary Fat
Your body needs fat to give you the energy to power through your day, keep you warm and protect your organs. There are four types of dietary fats in food. While your body needs certain types, it can do without the others:
Trans Fats
The unhealthiest fat in your diet is trans fats. A main source of trans fats is partially hydrogenated oils (PHO), which keep processed foods shelf-stable and improve their taste. Trans fats might make food taste good, but your body doesn’t need trans fats at all. In fact, eating too much trans fat puts you at a higher risk of stroke, certain forms ofcancer, type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Other sources of trans fat include:
- Vegetable shortening and margarine
- Anything that is battered and fried
- Butter and other dairy products
- Processed foods such as pizza dough, biscuits and pastries
- Some meats, including beef and lamb
The best way to avoid trans fats is to carefully check the labels of the products you buy at the grocery store. If the ingredient list on the package lists partially hydrogenated oil, you should skip it and select a different option.
Saturated Fats
Saturated fats are dietary fats contained in animal products, including dairy, meats and eggs. At room temperature, these fats become solid. Some common sources of saturated fat include:
- Butter, lard and coconut oil
- Cakes and cookies
- Fatty cuts of meat
- Cured meats, including salami, chorizo and pancetta
- Bacon and sausage
- Cheese
- Ice cream, milkshakes and chocolate
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends getting no more than 5 to 6 percent of your daily caloric intake from saturated fat. Consuming a lot of saturated fats puts you at a greater risk of heart disease and bad cholesterol.
Monounsaturated Fats
Monounsaturated fats are a type of fat that is beneficial to your health. This type of fat contains one unsaturated carbon bond in its molecule. Monounsaturated fats provide nutrients to maintain the cells in your body and can reduce harmful cholesterol levels within your blood, decreasing your risk of stroke and heart disease. Some sources of monounsaturated fats include:
- Pecans, cashews and almonds
- Peanuts and peanut butter
- Sesame and pumpkin seeds
- Avocados
- Olive, peanut, canola, safflower and sunflower oils
At room temperature, monounsaturated fats are liquid, unlike saturated fats, which solidify. These fats can reduce LDL cholesterol. Lower LDL cholesterol may reduce your risk of stroke and also cardiovascular disease. Although fats, regardless of type, provide nine calories per gram, monounsaturated fats have a positive effect on your overall health. However, you should still eat them in moderation.
Polyunsaturated Fats
Polyunsaturated fats are called “essential fats” and are necessary to help reduce your risk of heart disease and arrhythmia and reduce triglycerides. Some good sources of these fats are:
- Fatty and oily fish like herring, anchovies, salmon and striped bass
- Some seeds and nuts like flax seed, sunflower seed and walnuts
- Soybeans and tofu
Omega-3 fatty acids play a vital role throughout the body and help keep the heart, blood vessels, immune system, endocrine system and lungs functioning properly.
What Can Happen if I Don’t Get Enough Fat in My Diet?
Although it is important to restrict or eliminate sources of bad fat from your diet, you must eat enough good fat for your body to work correctly. Dietary fat is essential to have in your diet for several reasons. Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids are instrumental in several biological processes. There are several harmful outcomes associated with a fat-deficient diet. Some of these consequences may include:
- Increased hunger – While protein is known to help keep you feeling full for longer, a healthy amount of “good fats” in your diet also helps with satiety. By grabbing a handful of almonds or snacking on another healthy source of fat, you may be able to resist the urge to reach for a bag of chips in the afternoon.
- Inability to concentrate – Your brain needs omega-3s to function optimally. You may have difficulty concentrating and a decrease in memory and cognitive capabilities without enough good fats. In fact, a recentstudy found that people who followed a Mediterranean diet experienced less cognitive impairment over time.
- Skin issues – While it is rare, a condition known as essential fatty acid deficiency may cause a dry, scaly rash throughout the body. The main treatments are topical ointments and increasing your dietary intake of fatty acids.
- An increased risk for heart disease – Good fats have protective properties and can cut your risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Not getting enough good fats may mean missing out on legitimate health benefits.
- Your body may not regulate blood sugar properly – By including monounsaturated fats in your diet and decreasing your saturated fat intake, you might improve your body’s sensitivity to insulin. If your body isn’t sensitive to insulin, it may produce more of it, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
While you should still be mindful about the amount of healthy fats you consume, including them in your diet is important to maintain your overall health and may have significant benefits that can decrease your risk of developing various conditions.
Healthy Fats and Vitamin Absorption
Although dietary fat deficiencies are rare, especially for those with a well-balanced diet, those who don’t consume enough fat may not be able to efficiently absorb vitamins and minerals. Vitamins A, D, E and K are all fat soluble, which means they need fat present in the stomach for them to be absorbed properly. If your body cannot absorb them, then you are at risk of vitamin deficiency, which leads to a wide variety of health problems that include:
- Muscle pain
- Depression
- Dry hair or hair loss
- Burning in the feet
- Loose teeth
- Swollen gums
- Hyperkeratosis (“goose flesh”)
- Depression
- Irregular heartbeat
- Night blindness
- Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
- Easy bruising
Additionally, severely restricting fat intake may compromise your immune system, leading to more sick days and a longer healing period. Fatty acids are also crucial for the wound-healing process, and a diet deficient in healthy fat may inhibit your body from properly healing itself.
Master Your Plate With Healthy Fats
Don’t stress yourself too much over obsessively counting fat grams the next time you take a trip to the grocery store. Instead, focus more on including a variety of nuts, beans and fatty fish in your diet throughout the week in moderation. Here are some great, easy ways to incorporate more healthy fats into your diet:
- Add ground flaxseeds to your fruit smoothies for a quick boost of omega-3 fats to help you power through your day.
- Stick with olive oil for cooking on the stovetop. If you’re baking, use canola oil instead of butter or margarine.
- Add slices of avocado to your sandwiches or salads. You can even cut up some crunchy veggies and make homemade guacamole.
- Try using crumbled-up nuts instead of breading your fish and chicken with breadcrumbs.
- Snack on unsalted cashews or almonds. Try adding them to a trail mix, but avoid adding unhealthy ingredients like chocolate chunks.
- Create your own salad dressing using flaxseed, sesame and olive oils as an alternative to commercial dressings, which usually contain high sugar and unhealthy fat.
- Try healthy meal delivery. Choosing a healthy meal delivery service like Local Foodz Cali can ensure that you get the optimal amount of fats in your diet.
The hallmark of a healthy diet is moderation. Allowing yourself an occasional treat is okay, but try to keep to a sensible diet as much as possible. Remember to follow a balanced dietary plan, stay active and be mindful of the types of fats you are consuming. By including healthy fats in your dishes, you’ll be doing your heart, mind and the rest of your body a favor.